NAME AND TYPE OF PROTECTED NATURAL AREA
National Park "Fruška Gora"
NATIONAL CATEGOR
Protection category I – protected area of international, national, that is, exceptional importance
AREA
The total area of NP "Fruška Gora" is 26.672 ha, of which 19.308 hа are state-owned, whereas 7.364 hа are in private possesion and other forms of possession.
PROTECTION REGIMES
Protection degree I (3% of the total area)
Protection degree II (67% of the total area)
Protection degree III (30% of the total area)
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
The "Fruška Gora" National Park is located in the north of the Republic of Serbia in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and occupies the Central massif, Lipik, Vorovo, Nadoš and Opaljenik, as well as a number of smaller spatial units: Čortanovac Forest, Kurjakovac 1, Kurjakovac 2, Krušedolski pašnjak, Neradinski do, Ledinci - Staro Selo, Vrdnik kolonija, Jazački pašnjaci, Remetski do, Manđeloški pašnjaci, Ležimirski pašnjaci, Kosanište, Kunjat, river islands and sandbanks - Brazilija, Čerevićke livade - Lipska strana, Milovanovo brdo, Danguba, Markov do and Šidsko Cerje.
National park "Fruška Gora" covers parts of the territory of the cities Novi Sad (Petrovaradin municipality) and Sremska Mitrovica, and the Municipalities Bačka Palanka, Beočin, Inđija, Irig, Sremski Karlovci and Šid.
LEGAL PROTECTION IN THE PAST
Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of RS, No. 39/1993, 44/1993-correction, 53/1993, 67/1993, 48/1994, 101/2005 and 36/2009)
LEGAL ACT ON PROTECTION
Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of RS, No. 84/2015 and 95/2018 - another law)
MANAGING ENTITY
PE "National Park Fruška Gora"
SHORT DESCRIPTION (THE MAIN NATURAL AND CREATED VALUES)
The National Park Fruška Gora is located on the southern edge of the Pannonian Plain, along the Danube riparian area. It is a dominant orographic entity in the vast plain of Vojvodina. This oldest national park in Serbia was designated in 1960.
The protected area occupies the highest ridge sections of the Fruška Gora mountain massif, with the highest peak of 539 m above sea level. The massif is 78 km long and 15 km wide. From the main ridge, in the southward and northward direction extend the narrow lateral ridges, which, due to the deposited loess, end with gentle slopes and steep loess sections towards the Danube.
Fruška Gora is a unique natural phenomenon since it is formed of rocks from almost all geological periods, from the oldest Paleozoic, through the Mesozoic, Neogene, to the Quaternary. The preserved rich fossil fauna of the former Pannonian Sea represents a special value of this national park.
The Park’s living world is very rich and diverse. It mainly originates from the Pliocene, when Fruška Gora was an island in the Pannonian Basin, which enabled the conservation of many Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean species.
Forests cover 90% of the area of the National Park. Forests of linden, oak and beech are predominant here. More than 20 communities of clear and mixed oak and beech forests have been described, as well as geographic variants of thermophyllic forests with the Turkey oak, pubescent oak and the Hungarian oak. The most interesting are the sessile oak and hornbeam forests with butcher's-broom (Rusco-Querco-Carpinetum) and relict mixed oak forests with hop-hornbeam (Carpineto orientalis - Quercetum), which have sub-Mediterranean characteristics. The peripheral parts of the Fruška Gora loess plateau are overgrown with steppe vegetation of Festucion rupicolae alliance, which is rich in rare and relict species. This type of vegetation on Fruška Gora is of a somewhat more mesophyllic character compared to the typical steppes of Vojvodina.
The flora of Fruška gora consists of about 1500 plant species. More than 200 plants have the status of protected species in Serbia. In the group of tertiary relics stand out the spurge-laurel (Daphne laureola), the Russian hibiscus (Kitaibelia vitifolia) and the bellflower (Campanula lingulata), while among the xerothermic relics of the steppe the most interesting species are the Tartarian breadplant (Crambe tataria), greater pasqueflower (Pulsatilla vulgaris subsp. grandis), pheasant's eye (Adonis vernalis) and Sterbergia colchiciflora. More than 30 species of orchids (Orchidaceae) add up to the image of this natural resource, of which 18 species are of international importance.
Protected insect species such as stag beetle (Lucanus cervus), red wood ant (Formica rufa), great capricorn beetle (Cerambyx cerdo) and Alpine longhorn beetle (Rosalia alpina) are prominent in the rich fauna. The refugial habitats of Fruška Gora are home to Mediterranean and Atlantic species of hoverflies (Syrphidae) of an ancient Peri-Pannonian distribution.
Of the 13 species of amphibians and 11 species of reptiles, 14 species are on the World Red List of Threatened Species. The most endangered are fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) and the common European viper (Vipera berus).
Bird fauna includes 211 species. It has been identified that 130 species breed in this national park, making it one of the most important breeding areas of rare birds in the Pannonian Plain and Serbia. Among the birds present are the imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), the most endangered species on the World Red List. So far, Fruška Gora has remained the only point in Serbia where active nests of this very rare species are found.
The mammalian fauna of Fruška Gora consists of approximately 60 species. Among them are a protected group of bats (Chiroptera) and some smaller mammals, such as the European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) and lesser mole-rat (Spalax leucodon). Larger mammals occurring here are the golden jackal (Canis aureus), wildcat (Felis silvestris), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and many other species.
On Fruška Gora occur numerous archeological sites from the Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Roman times, as well as from the Middle Ages. The significant monuments of profane architecture have been preserved in settlements such as Sremski Karlovci, Petrovaradin and Irig. Of the sacral objects there are 17 Orthodox monasteries of specific architecture, built in the period from XV to XVIII century. With rich libraries, treasuries and frescoes, they represented important spiritual and cultural centers in the Middle Ages.
National Park "Fruška Gora" was designated to enable the following:
➢ Conservation of steppe and forest-steppe habitats
➢Conservation of forest ecosystems with various types of oak forests, especially relict thermophyllic oak forest with hop-hornbeam of the Mediterranean characteristics
➢Conservation of the habitats and populations of wild flora of national and European importance with the presence of Pannonian endemic and numerous relict species from the Tertiary, as well as the species from the orchid family
➢ Conservation of the habitats of more than two hundred species of birds, among which the imperial eagle, lesser spotted eagle, the black stork, stock dove, black woodpecker, collared flycatcher and the black-headed bunting
➢ Conservation of the globally threatened species of ground squirrels
➢Conservation of fossil findings sites and outcrops with exposed geological formations important for the observation of geological structure and historical-geological development of the lithosphere
➢ Conservation of a unique mountainous area with a ridge section overgrown with forests and with many slopes
➢ Conservation of the Danube river, water sources and wetlands, the conservation of cultural and historical monuments and 17 Serbian Orthodox monasteries, as well as various memorials.
National Park "Fruška Gora"
NATIONAL CATEGOR
Protection category I – protected area of international, national, that is, exceptional importance
AREA
The total area of NP "Fruška Gora" is 26.672 ha, of which 19.308 hа are state-owned, whereas 7.364 hа are in private possesion and other forms of possession.
PROTECTION REGIMES
Protection degree I (3% of the total area)
Protection degree II (67% of the total area)
Protection degree III (30% of the total area)
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
The "Fruška Gora" National Park is located in the north of the Republic of Serbia in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and occupies the Central massif, Lipik, Vorovo, Nadoš and Opaljenik, as well as a number of smaller spatial units: Čortanovac Forest, Kurjakovac 1, Kurjakovac 2, Krušedolski pašnjak, Neradinski do, Ledinci - Staro Selo, Vrdnik kolonija, Jazački pašnjaci, Remetski do, Manđeloški pašnjaci, Ležimirski pašnjaci, Kosanište, Kunjat, river islands and sandbanks - Brazilija, Čerevićke livade - Lipska strana, Milovanovo brdo, Danguba, Markov do and Šidsko Cerje.
National park "Fruška Gora" covers parts of the territory of the cities Novi Sad (Petrovaradin municipality) and Sremska Mitrovica, and the Municipalities Bačka Palanka, Beočin, Inđija, Irig, Sremski Karlovci and Šid.
LEGAL PROTECTION IN THE PAST
Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of RS, No. 39/1993, 44/1993-correction, 53/1993, 67/1993, 48/1994, 101/2005 and 36/2009)
LEGAL ACT ON PROTECTION
Law on National Parks (Official Gazette of RS, No. 84/2015 and 95/2018 - another law)
MANAGING ENTITY
PE "National Park Fruška Gora"
SHORT DESCRIPTION (THE MAIN NATURAL AND CREATED VALUES)
The National Park Fruška Gora is located on the southern edge of the Pannonian Plain, along the Danube riparian area. It is a dominant orographic entity in the vast plain of Vojvodina. This oldest national park in Serbia was designated in 1960.
The protected area occupies the highest ridge sections of the Fruška Gora mountain massif, with the highest peak of 539 m above sea level. The massif is 78 km long and 15 km wide. From the main ridge, in the southward and northward direction extend the narrow lateral ridges, which, due to the deposited loess, end with gentle slopes and steep loess sections towards the Danube.
Fruška Gora is a unique natural phenomenon since it is formed of rocks from almost all geological periods, from the oldest Paleozoic, through the Mesozoic, Neogene, to the Quaternary. The preserved rich fossil fauna of the former Pannonian Sea represents a special value of this national park.
The Park’s living world is very rich and diverse. It mainly originates from the Pliocene, when Fruška Gora was an island in the Pannonian Basin, which enabled the conservation of many Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean species.
Forests cover 90% of the area of the National Park. Forests of linden, oak and beech are predominant here. More than 20 communities of clear and mixed oak and beech forests have been described, as well as geographic variants of thermophyllic forests with the Turkey oak, pubescent oak and the Hungarian oak. The most interesting are the sessile oak and hornbeam forests with butcher's-broom (Rusco-Querco-Carpinetum) and relict mixed oak forests with hop-hornbeam (Carpineto orientalis - Quercetum), which have sub-Mediterranean characteristics. The peripheral parts of the Fruška Gora loess plateau are overgrown with steppe vegetation of Festucion rupicolae alliance, which is rich in rare and relict species. This type of vegetation on Fruška Gora is of a somewhat more mesophyllic character compared to the typical steppes of Vojvodina.
The flora of Fruška gora consists of about 1500 plant species. More than 200 plants have the status of protected species in Serbia. In the group of tertiary relics stand out the spurge-laurel (Daphne laureola), the Russian hibiscus (Kitaibelia vitifolia) and the bellflower (Campanula lingulata), while among the xerothermic relics of the steppe the most interesting species are the Tartarian breadplant (Crambe tataria), greater pasqueflower (Pulsatilla vulgaris subsp. grandis), pheasant's eye (Adonis vernalis) and Sterbergia colchiciflora. More than 30 species of orchids (Orchidaceae) add up to the image of this natural resource, of which 18 species are of international importance.
Protected insect species such as stag beetle (Lucanus cervus), red wood ant (Formica rufa), great capricorn beetle (Cerambyx cerdo) and Alpine longhorn beetle (Rosalia alpina) are prominent in the rich fauna. The refugial habitats of Fruška Gora are home to Mediterranean and Atlantic species of hoverflies (Syrphidae) of an ancient Peri-Pannonian distribution.
Of the 13 species of amphibians and 11 species of reptiles, 14 species are on the World Red List of Threatened Species. The most endangered are fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) and the common European viper (Vipera berus).
Bird fauna includes 211 species. It has been identified that 130 species breed in this national park, making it one of the most important breeding areas of rare birds in the Pannonian Plain and Serbia. Among the birds present are the imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), the most endangered species on the World Red List. So far, Fruška Gora has remained the only point in Serbia where active nests of this very rare species are found.
The mammalian fauna of Fruška Gora consists of approximately 60 species. Among them are a protected group of bats (Chiroptera) and some smaller mammals, such as the European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) and lesser mole-rat (Spalax leucodon). Larger mammals occurring here are the golden jackal (Canis aureus), wildcat (Felis silvestris), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and many other species.
On Fruška Gora occur numerous archeological sites from the Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Roman times, as well as from the Middle Ages. The significant monuments of profane architecture have been preserved in settlements such as Sremski Karlovci, Petrovaradin and Irig. Of the sacral objects there are 17 Orthodox monasteries of specific architecture, built in the period from XV to XVIII century. With rich libraries, treasuries and frescoes, they represented important spiritual and cultural centers in the Middle Ages.
National Park "Fruška Gora" was designated to enable the following:
➢ Conservation of steppe and forest-steppe habitats
➢Conservation of forest ecosystems with various types of oak forests, especially relict thermophyllic oak forest with hop-hornbeam of the Mediterranean characteristics
➢Conservation of the habitats and populations of wild flora of national and European importance with the presence of Pannonian endemic and numerous relict species from the Tertiary, as well as the species from the orchid family
➢ Conservation of the habitats of more than two hundred species of birds, among which the imperial eagle, lesser spotted eagle, the black stork, stock dove, black woodpecker, collared flycatcher and the black-headed bunting
➢ Conservation of the globally threatened species of ground squirrels
➢Conservation of fossil findings sites and outcrops with exposed geological formations important for the observation of geological structure and historical-geological development of the lithosphere
➢ Conservation of a unique mountainous area with a ridge section overgrown with forests and with many slopes
➢ Conservation of the Danube river, water sources and wetlands, the conservation of cultural and historical monuments and 17 Serbian Orthodox monasteries, as well as various memorials.
